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Excavation Safety, excavation work
involves the removal of soil or a mixture of soil and rock, its one of the very
critical activity, and even some of the well experienced workers have been
trapped, buried and injured in an excavation, the reasons may be due to:-
i. Collapse of the sides or by
external material falling in to the excavation or in some cases workers falling
into the excavation.
ii. Unsafe access and insufficient
means of escape in case of flooding and other natural calamities.
iii. Construction vehicles driven
into or too close to the edge of an excavation, particularly while reversing,
causing the sides to collapse.
iv. Asphyxiation or poisoning caused by fumes heavier than air entering the excavation, e.g. exhaust fumes from diesel and petrol engines.
v. Due to Insects, Leeches,
Vermins, Snakes and Poisons plant present in soil.
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vi. Avoiding use of personal safety
equipments and not providing fence and guards and warning signals.
It is quite necessary to make aware the workers and officials about the various safety precautions to be adopted during excavation work.
§ When open space sheating is used a Toe board should be provided to prevent material rolling down the slope and falling into the part of the trench with vertical walls.
§ Shoring and timbering shall be carried along with the opening of a trench but when conditions permit, protection work, such as sheet piling may be done before the excavation commences.
§ All loose stones, earth, unstable material which might come down on the workers in the trench shall be either removed or the excavated sides adequately braced. Clear signage to be provided. Barricade the excavation area to avoid the unauthorized entry.
§ Only qualified workers should be permitted to do work.
§ Proper precautions should be taken to prevent accident to the workers engaged in excavation work and calamities for the general public around the work area.
§ Adequate lighting arrangement and warning signal and boards should be displayed.
§ First aid facilities like a first-aid kit should be maintained at the site of work.
§ First Aid kit should be kept at a conspicuous place in the charge of trained person(s), certified trained first aiders should be available
§ The kit should be recouped periodically.
§ Nearby medical facilities available should be displayed on notice board.
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§ Visitors would not permitted to enter the scene of excavations unless they are accompanied by a supervisor or foreman.
§ Excavation areas shall be adequately lighted for night work.
§ The vertical sides should be shored and the shoring shall extend at least 30 cm above the vertical sides.
§ The side of the excavation or trench should be sloped or battered back to a safe angle of repose, usually 45 degree or be supported by timbering or other suitable means to prevent collapse and to prevent the incidents.
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Free Download Excavation Entry Checklist
LIST OF NFPA CODES & STANDARDS – PART 2
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