Job Safety Analysis

A job safety analysis (JSA), also called a job hazard analysis(JHA) or job task analysis(JTA), is a systematic analysis of work steps in a specific location that identifies the hazards and determines the controls for each hazard.

By completing a JSA, you ensure that you have planned the work properly and that workers can do it safely. As a written document, it can serve as evidence of due diligence.

To be effective, the JSA must cover all aspects of a specific task. Most projects require several JSAs, and that isn’t surprising when you consider the number of different tasks being done at the same time.

JSAs not only help prevent workers from getting injured, but they also help prevent damage to equipment and the environment. By doing this, JSAs help keep work on schedule.

 

Creating a JSA

The JSA should be prepared in writing by a competent person because such a person, as defined by the OHSA, knows what the hazards are on the jobsite. Usually that person is the foreperson or supervisor.

 

If you are creating a JSA, this is the procedure to follow.

 

1. Write down the job steps

The first step is to identify the task, usually a situation that is repeated on many jobsites. For example, accessing a roof top or working near the roof edge.

Once you have a clear understanding of what the work involves, break it down into manageable steps. These steps are not only specific to the job, but also specific to the work area. If the work area changes, the steps may need to change as well. If the steps are too detailed, the JSA will be burdensome and difficult to follow. If they are not detailed enough, you may miss some hazards.

 

2. Identify the hazards associated with each step

This is the most challenging part of the JSA. Take each step and list the hazards associated with it. Think about what could go wrong from a health and safety point of view. Think about how people, equipment, materials, and the surrounding environment contribute to a hazard.

 

To help identify potential hazards, consider

• Causes of past injuries

• Other work going on near the work area

• Legislation or regulatory requirements

• Manufacturer’s instructions for equipment.

 

3. Determine controls for each hazard

Each hazard you identified in the previous step needs a control. The control explains how you will eliminate the hazard or significantly reduce the risk of injury.

Use a chart like in the JSA form to show the job steps, hazards, and controls.

 

4. Discuss the JSA with your workers

Once you have completed the first three steps, you should have a well-developed JSA. Now, it’s time to share it with your workers. The JSA won’t be effective if workers don’t know about it and understand it. The information on a JSA should be communicated to workers in a language they understand.

Before starting work, review the relevant JSA with your crew and make sure everyone knows how they are supposed to do the job safely. If you’re dealing with a task that will last more than one day, it’s a good idea to review the JSA each morning before work starts.